Abstract
Interest in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasing due to the development of a new range of industrial applications based on bast fibers. However the variability of bast fiber yield and quality represents an important barrier to further exploitation. Primary and secondary fiber content was examined in two commercial hemp varieties (Fedora 17, Santhica 27) grown under contrasted sowing density and irrigation conditions. Both growing conditions and hemp varieties impact stem tissue architecture with a large effect on the proportion of secondary fibers but not primary fibers. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy allowed the discrimination of manually-isolated native primary fibers and secondary fibers but did not reveal any clustering according to growing conditions and variety. Infrared data were confirmed by wet chemistry analyses that revealed slight but significant differences between primary and secondary fiber cell wall composition. Infrared spectroscopy of technical fibers obtained after mechanical defibering revealed differences with native primary, but not secondary fibers and also discriminated samples obtained from plants grown under different conditions. Altogether the results suggested that the observed variability of hemp technical fibers could be partially explained by i) differences in secondary fiber production and ii) differential behavior during mechanical defibering resulting in unequal separation of primary and secondary fibers.
Highlights
Hemp fibers have been traditionally used for centuries in the textile and paper industries [1]
Negative loading from PC1 showed two main bands at 1598 cm-1 and 1412 cm-1 that can be assigned to the asymmetric and symmetric vibrations, respectively, of the COO structure of esterified pectin [38]. Overall these results suggest that attenuated total reflectance technique (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is an effective tool for discriminating primary and secondary fibers based on the differential chemical composition of their cell walls
A rapid and reliable method of evaluating technical fiber quality would represent a valuable help to industry
Summary
Hemp fibers have been traditionally used for centuries in the textile and paper industries [1]. Over the last few years, these natural fibers have been increasingly used to replace synthetic fibers for the production of more environmentally friendly materials [1, 2]. Changes in hemp secondary fiber production related to technical fiber variability with growing conditions. Union (FEDER funds), the French Association for Research and Technology, and Troyes Champagne Metropole
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