Abstract
Background This study is aimed at analyzing the changes in gut microorganism of patients with positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay. Methods The fecal samples from 20 recurrent abortion women with positive immune antibody (positive group) and 20 with negative immune antibody (negative group) were collected. After 16s rRNA gene sequencing, the obtained raw reads underwent quality filtering to obtain the clean tags and then classified into microbial genomes. All effective tags were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the representative sequence was selected for the annotation of taxonomic information, followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. Results A total of 43,116 OTUs were obtained in all 40 samples. Bacteroides had the highest relative abundance in the positive group. In the negative group, Bacteroides, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella_9 had high relative abundance. Alpha diversity analysis results showed that the community richness, community diversity, and phylogenetic diversity in the positive group were higher than that in the negative group. Prevotella_9, Enterococcus, Megasphaera, and Anaerostipes presented significant differences between negative and positive groups. Conclusion The present study for the first time investigated the gut microbiome involved in positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion via the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay. The genera that were significantly differential between positive and negative groups may serve as therapeutic targets for positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion.
Highlights
This study is aimed at analyzing the changes in gut microorganism of patients with positive immune antibodyassociated recurrent abortion using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay
The genera with top 3 higher abundance in pregnancy at last (PRE) (Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003 (23.39%), Bacteroides (10.24%), and Prevotella_9 (7.55%)), cervical incompetence (CI) (Bacteroides (16.12%), Faecalibacterium (10.92%), and Blautia (8.80%)), missed abortion (MA) (Prevotella_9 (15.21%), Bacteroides (10.07%), and Bifidobacterium (8.26%)), INF (Faecalibacterium (13.34%), Blautia (9.90%), and Bacteroides (9.11%)), antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) (Bacteroides (14.96%), Bifidobacterium (7.89%), and Blautia (7.52%)), glycoprotein 1 (GP) (Bacteroides (11.25%), Blautia (8.41%), and Prevotella_9 (7.73%)), and ACA (Bacteroides (6.75%), Bifidobacterium (6.25%), and Blautia (5.13%)) groups are shown in the clustering heat map (Figure 1(c))
The results showed that the community richness, community diversity, and phylogenetic diversity in the positive group were higher than those in the negative group
Summary
This study is aimed at analyzing the changes in gut microorganism of patients with positive immune antibodyassociated recurrent abortion using the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay. The present study for the first time investigated the gut microbiome involved in positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion via the 16s rRNA gene sequencing microbiome assay. The genera that were significantly differential between positive and negative groups may serve as therapeutic targets for positive immune antibody-associated recurrent abortion. There are a small number of accepted etiologies for recurrent abortions, such as genetic, anatomical, endocrine, immunological, and environmental factors [3]. Among these factors, immunological factors appear to be the most remarkable [4, 5]. Antibodies to thyroid antigens, antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), antiprothrombin antibodies, and antilaminin have been implicated in pregnancy complications [10,11,12]
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