Changes in Five Years among Pathogens in Wound Infection and Their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials

Abstract

Background: Proper knowledge about the epidemiology and changing sensitivity pattern of drug in bacterial wound infection is very important in ensuring optimum management of the wound and formulating policies in infection control. Objectives of our study was to disseminate the etiology of bacterial wound infection in two time frames (in 2016 or group A and in 2011 or group B), to provide their susceptibility pattern and to highlight the changes of susceptibility pattern in order to update information regarding antimicrobial resistance and it’s implication in wound management. Method: Bacteria isolated from wound swab, aspirates and pus samples received in year 2016 and 2011 were included in the study. Isolates were identified by conventional tests and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by disc diffusion method according to CLSI guideline. Results: Gram positive cocci are still the predominating organism in wound infection. Both Staph. aureus as well as CoNS (coagulase negative staphylococci) lead the list as pathogens of wound infection. Among Gram negative bacteria, Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp, were more common than Pseudomonas spp. in our study. Notable raise in ampicillin sensitivity is observed after 5 years among Staphylococci species. Cotrimoxazole is regaining its importance as all the isolates from wound infection have a increasing trend towards susceptibility to it in 5 years. Doxycycline also has raised activity more than 61 % on Gram positive cocci in group A or 2016. Vancomycin, linezolid for Gram positive bacteria and amikacin, meropenem, pipercillin tazobactam, and colistin for Gram negative bacteria are still useful but showing reduced sensitivity after 5 years. Amoxyclav is not very useful as a prophylactic antibiotic as only 40% pathogens were susceptible. Resistance to quinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides are increasing in both Gram positive and negative bacteria with few exceptions.