Abstract
Light quality is essential in in vitro cultures for morphogenesis process. Light emitting diodes system (LED) allows adjustment as desired and the most appropriate light spectrum. The study analyzed the influence of different LED light quality on the balance of endogenous phytohormones and related compounds (PhRC) in in vitro multiplied axillary shoots of Gerbera jamesonii. Over a duration of 40 days, the shoots were exposed to 100% red light, 100% blue light, red and blue light at a 7:3 ratio with control fluorescent lamps. Every 10 days plant tissues were tested for their PhRC content with the use of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Shoots’ morphometric features were analyzed after a multiplication cycle. We identified 35 PhRC including twelve cytokinins, seven auxins, nine gibberellins, and seven stress-related phytohormones. Compounds content varied from 0.00052 nmol/g to 168.15 nmol/g of dry weight (DW). The most abundant group were stress-related phytohormones (particularly benzoic and salicylic acids), and the least abundant were cytokinins (about 370 times smaller content). LED light did not disturb the endogenous phytohormone balance, and more effectively mitigated the stress experienced by in vitro grown plants than the fluorescent lamps. The stress was most effectively reduced under the red LED. Red and red:blue light lowered tissue auxin levels. Blue LED light lowered the shoot multiplication rate and their height, and induced the highest content of gibberellins at the last stage of the culture.
Highlights
Gerbera jamesonii is an ornamental species from the Asteraceae family, belonging to the group of the most economically important plants
Samples collected during multiplication every 10 days confirmed the presence of 35 endogenous phytohormones and related compounds (PhRC) belonging to cytokinins (12), auxins (7), gibberellins (9), and stress-related phytohormones (7)
We identified a general trend of dropping gibberellin levels toward the end of the culture, in plants grown under red light-emitting diode (LED) (R) and fluorescent (Fl) light (Figure 1)
Summary
Gerbera jamesonii is an ornamental species from the Asteraceae family, belonging to the group of the most economically important plants. Endogenous phytohormones are synthesized in plant tissues They are organic substances that trigger physiological processes such as growth, differentiation and development, or, for example, opening of the stomata (at low concentrations) [12,13]. The research literature contains few papers on endogenous regulating substances present in plant tissues during various processes and stages of in vitro development together with the impact of LED light quality, and those interactions at the hormonal pathways level (e.g., [22,23]). As environmental factor, is a key player in plant morphogenesis It regulates plant growth and development, and influences the hormone levels [24,25]. The study aims to determine the influence of different light quality on the balance of endogenous phytohormones and related compounds (PhRC) in the tissues of multiplied gerbera shoots. The obtained results will complement the current knowledge on the effects of these wavebands
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