Changes in climatic extremes of the south of Russia associated with El Niño events

Abstract

Spatial and temporal distributions of extreme temperatures and precipitation over the south of Russia in 1950–2018 are discussed, and their features are associated with El Niño events. Analysis of the temperature extremes shows some warming in the region during this study period. Extreme precipitation indices indicate upward tendencies on average in a region with strong spatial heterogeneity. The manifestations of some El Niño types in extreme temperatures are most noticeable in the winter-spring period, with warming during the eastern and cooling during the central type. The El Niño manifestations in extreme precipitation are less clear. Only the autumn season should be highlighted, when extreme precipitation is higher in the North Caucasus during the central El Niño type.