Changes in choroidal thickness after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of diabetic macular edema, real-life data, 2-year results

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection on central choroidal thickness (CCT), central macular thickness (CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods Retrospective, cohort analysis of 90 eyes of 90 patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy for DME. In patients' records, measurements of CCT, CMT, and BCVA before treatment and at 2 years after treatment were recorded. Using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images, choroidal thickness and macular thickness measurements were recorded in the subfoveal area and 1 mm nasal to 1 mm temporal to the central foveal area. The baseline and final CMT and CCT values measured from all three quadrants were analyzed statistically. Results Mean age of the patients was 59.60 ± 9.78 (range, 40–77) years. Mean baseline nasal-CT 226.4 ± 52.5 µm, central-CT 243.2 ± 51.1 μm and temporal-CT 224.6 ± 47.9 μm. Mean final nasal-CT 220.0 ± 50.2 µm, central-CT 235.3 ± 53.6 μm, temporal-CT 220.5 ± 48.1 μm (p = 0.122, p = 0.056, p = 0.184, respectively). Mean baseline nasal- MT 385.3 ± 67.7, central-MT 345.5 ± 119.7 μm and temporal-MT 365.0 ± 64.9 μm. Mean final nasal-MT 359.6 ± 59.2 µm, central-MT 306.2 ± 98.4 μm and temporal-MT 353.4 ± 63.3 μm (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.234, respectively). The BCVA improved from 0.52 ± 0.44 logMAR at baseline to 0.38 ± 0.33 at final (p = 0.002). Conclusion After treatment of diabetic macular edema with intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, CMT and BCVA improved significantly, but CCT did not decrease significantly.