Changes in body composition and Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) following bariatric surgery

Abstract

s / Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 13 (2016) e55ee74 e67 Materials and methods: Following a market research in Greece, there were found 100 kinds of infant/toddler milk, 38 kinds of feta cheese (bulk sale) and 72 refrigerated milk. From these samples, 52 infant milk, 25 Feta cheese and 32 refrigerated milk were randomly selected. The determination of AFM1 was based on indirect immunoenzymatic ELISA method with the analytical packages Tecna (Italy) and Prognosis Biotech (Greece), for comparison purposes, strictly following the manufacturer's instructions. Results: The levels of AFM1, in all samples tested, were below the tolerable maximum level, while concentrations were very low (0.23-9.38 ng/l for infant formula, 0.54 to 4.09ng/l for cheese and 0.20-17.84ng/l for refrigerated milk). Comparing the two analytic packages, no statistically significant difference was found (p-value <0.001). Conclusions: Milk and dairy products, tested, marketed in Greece, are safe for consumption, regarding the AFM1. From a public health perspective, the results are satisfactory, given that the population exposure to AFM1, based on the nutrient profile of the Greeks, was limited. CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION AND BASIC METABOLIC RATE (BMR) FOLLOWING BARIATRIC SURGERY Magda Sotirxou , Athanasios Migdanis , Ioannis Migdanis , Maria Kanaki , Giorgos Koukoulis , Andreas Alexandrou , Theodoros Diamantis . Nutrition and Dietetics Department, ATEI of Thessaly, Greece; Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Larissa, Greece; Department of General Surgery, General University Hospital of Athens Laikon, Greece Introduction: Bariatric surgery has gained great acceptance over the last years and became the preferred method for weight loss in the morbidly obese since unlike traditional methods (caloric restriction and exercise) it can provide weight loss maintenance. While periand postoperative complications have been well documented, much less is known about changes in Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) and body composition following such a procedure. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine changes in body composition and BMR in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. Materials andmethods: Overall 28 subjects were included in the study 12 of which underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and 16 laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass surgery. Parameters such as BMR, Fat Mass and Free Fat Mass were assessed preoperatively and at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Basic metabolic ratewasmeasured by indirect calorimetry and body composition was analyzed by using the bioelectrical impedance method. Results: According to the statistical analysis mean BMR values were significantly lower both in 30 and 90 postoperative days compared to baseline (p1⁄4 .01). Similar findings were also noted for mean weight, BMI, Fat Mass and Free Fat Mass values (p< .05). Examining possible differences between the 2 types of operations it was recorded that subjects who underwent RYGBP had significantly lower mean values on FFM and BMR postoperatively. Finally there was a positive correlation between BMR and weight as well as FFM with p1⁄4 .014 and p1⁄4 .011 respectively. Conclusion: Both types of operations improved characteristics such weight, BMI and total body fat percentage 3 months after surgery. Furthermore basic metabolic rate and free fat mass were negatively affected as they were significantly reduced postoperatively. These data highlight the need for aggressive interventions to preserve FFM and consequently BMR during the weight loss phase after bariatric surgery. ADHERENCE TO MEDITERRANEAN DIET HAS A MEDIATING EFFECT INFLAMMATION AS REGARDS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK: THE 10-YEAR (2002-12) FOLLOW-UP OF ATTICA STUDY Ekavi N. Georgoysopoulou , Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos , Christos Pitsavos , Aikaterini Kalogeropoulou , Maria Ntertimani , Evangelia Pitaraki , Christina Chrysohoou , Ioannis Skoumas , Dimitrios Tousoulis , Christodoulos Stefanadis . Harokopio University, Greece; Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, Greece Introduction: Mediterranean diet has been associated with lower allcause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, but the clinical and pathway has not been well understood and appreciated. Aim: The aim of this work was to explore the path between adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet, lifestyle behaviors, clinical status and 10-year incidence of CVD. Materials and methods: the ATTICA study was carried out in the Athens area during 2001-2002 and included 3042 participants free of CVD at baseline (49.8% men, aged 18-89). Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55). During 2011-2012, 2583 out of the 3042 baseline participants attended the 10-year follow-up of the Attica study (15% lost-to-follow-up). Results: Adherence to Mediterranean diet decreased CVD risk (Relative Risk (RR) per 1/55 unit1⁄40.96, 95%, CI: 0.93-1.00), independently of various socio-demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors. Path analysis revealed that adherence to Mediterranean diet decreases C-reactive protein’s levels and interleukin-6 levels, but also has an independent protective role on CVD risk per se (total effect of the MedDietScore on CVD1⁄4-0.003, 95%CI: -0.005-0.000). Conclusions: adherence to Mediterranean diet confers a considerable reduction on CVD risk, independently of various factors. Therefore, even subjects with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may benefit from adherence to this diet, suggesting another dimension on prevention strategies. THE EFFECTS OF MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND DEMENTIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE Sara Petersson, Elena Philippou. King’s College London, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, London, United Kingdom Introduction: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline and dementia although the evidence is still inconsistent. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to update the current knowledge on the effects of MD on cognitive function and/or cognitive impairment (CI) and/or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and/or all-type dementia. Materials and methods: Five databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsychINFO (date 1806 to 25th May, 2015), using pre-specified criteria. Human studies, published in English, without any restriction in study type, population assessed, intervention period, follow-up time, or publication date, examining the association between adherence to the MD and cognitive function or dementia symptoms (as measured by cognitive function tests)were included. Only primarypublication typeswere included. Results: 32 studies, including 5 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and 27 observational studies, met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies showed that MD improved cognitive function and/or decreased risk of CI and/or decreased risk of dementia/AD. Three studies found no correlation between MD and AD, 3 found no association between MD and CI and 5 found no association between MD and cognitive function. There was large heterogeneity and studies differed with regards to quality. Conclusion: Overall, the existing evidence, stemming mostly from epidemiological studies, suggests that MD improves cognitive function and delays the onset of dementia. However, more RCTs are required to establish a causational relationship. NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ATHLETES Ioannis Papasotiriou, Artemissia-Phoebe Nifli. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, T.E.I. of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece Introduction: Adequate nutritional intake and hydration are important for the performance of athletes. Aim: The aim of the study is the analysis of nutritional patterns in amateur athletes of competitive level and the estimation of biochemical parameters of their metabolism. Materials and methods: Twenty-one male athletes (7 basketball players, 7 cyclists and 7 wrestlers) participated in the study. Somatometric data, such as height, weight and skinfolds were taken from the athletes. The nutritional intake of solids and fluids were determined using a three-day food diary. Hydration and basic biochemical parameters were estimated in first morning urine with semi-quantitative chromometry. Results: BMI was calculated as 24.4 kg/m2 (±.3.7) for basketball players, 22.8 kg/m2 (±3.3) for cyclists and 25.1 kg/m2 (±2.5) for wrestlers. The