Changes in Body Composition after Indoor Climbing Program in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

Aim: Overweight and obesity are also among the biggest health problems for people with intellectual disabilities. Rehabilitation programmes often use various sports disciplines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of indoor climbing on the body weight and adipose tissue levels in people with mild and moderate intellectual disability. Material and Methods: The study involved 68 people aged 18-25 with a diagnosed intellectual disability with a total IQ of 38-69. The experimental group took part in organised climbing activities twice a week for 15 weeks. Before and after the programme, body height and weight, the percentage of body fat and the circumferences of the forearm and lower leg were measured. The body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. Results: There was a significant increase in body weight and BMI in both groups; this was greater in the control group. Only in the control group was a significant increase in the adipose tissue as a percentage of body weight observed, while in the experimental group there was a slight decrease in this parameter. In the experimental group, a slight increase in the circumferences of the lower leg and forearm was observed, while in the control group there was a decrease. Conclusions: The study shows that climbing classes may lead to beneficial changes in the body composition of people with intellectual disabilities. Climbing can be included in programmes promoting physical activity in this group and become part of the prevention of lifestyle diseases such as overweight and obesity.