Abstract
In recent times there have been advances in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. However, the disease still poses threat to biochemical parameters of the body. This study was carried out to investigate the biochemical parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patients who were yet to start anti-Retroviral drugs regimen. This study was carried out for a period of six weeks using structural questionnaires. A total of one hundred participants were used for the study out of which fifty were Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected while the remaining fifty were Human Immunodeficiency Virus negative, who served as control. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the values of Total Protein, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, Calcium and Sodium of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients when compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the mean values of the conjugated Bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine, Potassium, Bicarbonate and Chloride of the infected patients when compared with those of the control. The findings in this study showed significant changes in biochemical parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected subjects.
Highlights
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection implies that a person has been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus which breaks down the body’s immune system; infects CD4+ initially and progressively leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) which is the terminal phase of the disease.[1, 2, 3, 4]
The increase serum total protein as observed in this study is in consonance with the work done by Ene et al in which they analysed some biochemical parameters in 81 HIV patients at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital and found elevated serum Total Protein.[28]
Our results of non-significant difference in the levels of Total Bilirubin, Conjugated Bilirubin, Urea and Creatinine of the HIV positive patients when compared with the control disagree with the findings of Sarro et al and Magak and Szcech who found significant rise in these parameters in HIV positive patients who presented with associated nephropathy when compared to the healthy control.[33,34,35]
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection implies that a person has been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus which breaks down the body’s immune system; infects CD4+ initially and progressively leads to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) which is the terminal phase of the disease.[1, 2, 3, 4] HIV infection produces a slow but progressive and deadly immune suppression which lead to opportunistic infections, neurological disorders and malignancies This is as a consequence of progressive depletion of the body’s cells bearing the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) molecule the helper / inducer subsets of Tlymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages.[5,6] This ailment is one of the most important emerging infections. HIV- associated nephropathy characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminuria and occasionally hypocalcaemia have been reported.[8,9]
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