Abstract
There is increasing attention being paid to utilizing microbial communities to improve plant health while reducing management inputs. Thus, the objectives of this research were to assess changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community structure associated with long-term turfgrass monoculture and to demonstrate the feasibility of using functional bacteria as beneficial biocontrol agents. Large patch disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2, is a significant threat to turfgrass cultivation. Rhizosphere samples were collected from 2-, 13- and 25-year turfgrass (Zoysia japonica) monocultures. The 13-year monoculture field had a higher pathogen population density than both the 2- and 25-year monoculture fields. Analyses of the rhizosphere bacterial communities revealed that Streptomyces was dominant in the 2-year field and Burkholderia was enriched in the 25-year field. Based on the culturable rhizosphere bacteria, Streptomyces neyagawaensis J6 and Burkholderia vietnamiensis J10 were obtained from the 2- and 25-year fields, respectively. Application of S. neyagawaensis J6 and B. vietnamiensis J10 led to excellent inhibition of large patch disease as well as enhanced tolerance against drought and temperature stresses. The results showed that the selected bacteria could be developed as biocontrol and abiotic stress tolerance agents for turfgrass cultivation.
Highlights
Turfgrass is considered as one of the most important irrigated plants worldwide
The Venn diagram (Figure 1E) shows the unique bacteria associated with the 2- and 25-year soils, which are labeled groups A and C, respectively; Streptomyces (OTU16) accounted for the highest relative abundance (21.2%) in group A and Burkholderia (OTU866) accounted for the highest relative abundance (35.6%) in group C
It was speculated that Streptomyces and Burkholderia served as key microbes in the turfgrass soils that had undergone 2 and 25 years of monoculture, respectively
Summary
Turfgrass is considered as one of the most important irrigated plants worldwide. It is significantly involved in the regulation of carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, and cooling, while supporting nutrient cycles and leading with recreational value for human activities (Beard, 1972; Simmons et al, 2011). Bacterial Community in Turfgrass Monoculture discoloration, which is an early symptom of an outbreak of large patch disease (Couch et al, 1990) This disease is the greatest threat to turfgrass plantings throughout the world and can cause disease repeatedly every year in the same location (Smiley et al, 2005).The onset of infection occurs during autumn before turfgrass enters winter dormancy. The most effective preventative measure involves regular application of fungicides (such as azoxystrobin, flutolanil, or tebuconazole) with a typical split application process in autumn and the following spring (Vincelli and Munshaw, 2014) This repeated use of fungicides entails significant expense (van Bruggen and Arneson, 1984) and raises concerns about environmental pollution and the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens. The use of beneficial microorganisms to counter the effects of the disease is considered a potentially eco-friendly and cost-effective option (Zhang et al, 2019)
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