Changes in anthocyanin pigments, trans-resveratrol, and colorimetric characteristics of Fondillón wine and other “Monastrell” wines during the aging period

Abstract

The studied red wines, which are Fondillón, reserva, crianza, and young, are prepared from exclusive “Monastrell” grapes, and protected under the Alicante Denomination of Origin (Alicante, Spain). The objectives of the present study were (i) to show the effect of aging period on the amount of anthocyanin pigments, trans-resveratrol, and the colorimetric characteristics (color intensity, color density, and tonality) of Fondillón and other Monastrell wines (young, crianza, and reserva) which have different aging periods, and (ii) to propose a new traceability method for the determination of the Fondillón originality. Identification of anthocyanin compounds and determination of trans-resveratrol content were performed using LC–MS/MS. Correlation analysis was performed among anthocyanin compounds and color parameters. A sharp decrease in the anthocyanins content was observed in Fondillón wine. Besides, statistically significant changes were found in all colorimetric parameters between young and Fondillón samples. A significant change from red hue to brick red/yellow hue was observed between the colors of young and Fondillón wines, respectively. A significant decrease in the content of trans-resveratrol was also observed as a result of the aging period of these “Monastrell” wines. In this study, anthocyanin compounds of Fondillón wine were identified for the first time and their effects on the colorimetric parameters of the wine were revealed. Consequently, the authenticity of Fondillón wines can be determined by monitoring of anthocyanin compounds and trans-resveratrol.