Abstract
Tree-canopy and trampling management are reported to influence soil arthropod abundance and diversity. However, there is limited understanding of their interactive effects on a soil microarthropod community at the Safari Zoological Center, central Israel. This study assessed the spatial influence of three dominant tree species (Cupressus sempervirens, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Tamarix aphylla) under contrasting trampling and enclosure treatment on soil microarthropod abundance and diversity during a wet Mediterranean winter. There was a significant interactive effect of tree species and trampling management on soil moisture, organic matter, pH, and soil density, with an individual effect of tree species or trampling management on soil electrical conductivity and water-holding capacity. There was a significantly greater abundance of total microarthropods under enclosure than under trampling in open spaces and beneath the E. camaldulensis canopy, with the greatest abundance found in the open spaces under enclosure. However, there were no significant differences in the average abundance of total microarthropods between trampling and enclosure beneath either the T. aphylla or C. sempervirens canopy. The soil Acari diversity indices (i.e., taxon richness, Shannon index, and evenness index) were significantly greater under enclosure than under trampling in open spaces and beneath tree-canopy habitats, with the exception of taxon richness beneath the C. sempervirens canopy. We concluded that the trampling activities had a detrimental effect on soil microarthropod abundance and soil Acari diversity in some cases only. The distinctive canopy architecture of some tree species (i.e., T. aphylla and C. sempervirens) has ecophysiological attributes which could mediate the effect of trampling on soil microarthropods.
Highlights
Soil electrical conductivity was found to be markedly greater beneath tree canopy habitats in comparison with open spaces when under trampling, and markedly greater values were found beneath the C. sempervirens tree canopy habitats in comparison with the other habitats when under enclosure
It was reported that water availability played implications on soil animal-community composition and functioning (Sylvain et al, 2014). All these findings indicated a homogeneous distribution of soil microarthropods under both trampling and enclosure conditions beneath both such canopy habitats (i.e., T. aphylla and C. sempervirens)
It was found that there was an interactive effect of tree canopy habitats and trampling management on soil moisture, organic matter, pH, and soil density
Summary
Animal trampling and grazing has both direct and indirect effects on vegetation and soils, which alter the distribution of soil invertebrate communities (Denmead et al, 2015). Bardgett et al (2001) and Bugalho et al (2011) reported that livestock trampling affected the physical habitats of soil organisms through compaction by the hooves, and influenced biological processes that affect soil nutrients. Liu et al (2017) indicated that perennial grazing had a large effect on soil fauna of the subalpine meadows in the Tibetan region. Bardgett and Wardle (2003)How to cite this article Liu R. et al (2019), Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel. Animal trampling and grazing has both direct and indirect effects on vegetation and soils, which alter the distribution of soil invertebrate communities (Denmead et al, 2015). Bardgett et al (2001) and Bugalho et al (2011) reported that livestock trampling affected the physical habitats of soil organisms through compaction by the hooves, and influenced biological processes that affect soil nutrients. How to cite this article Liu R. et al (2019), Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel. Understanding the abundance and diversity distribution of soil microarthropods as affected by trampling management could be beneficial for the design and management of intensive land-use systems (Barrios et al, 2012)
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