Abstract
Objective The accelerate loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, named sarcopenia, is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder, and it is always associated with increased outcomes including falls, frailty, and disability. Diabetes mellitus is associated with significant muscle and physical complications. We aimed at clarifying the changes and risk factors of skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods The study consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 120) and an older general population (n = 126). The skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength, as well as the serum levels of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, homocysteine, and insulin-like factor-1 were assessed, and the correlation and regression analysis were conducted to evaluate outcomes. Results T2DM patients exhibited lower muscle strength compared with the non-T2DM subjects (P < 0.01). Among T2DM patients, serum IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with muscle strength (r = 0.255, P < 0.01) and muscle mass (r = 0.209, P < 0.05), levels of 8-OHdG were inversely correlated with muscle strength (r = −0.252, P < 0.01), and there was a negative association between HCY and muscle mass (r = −0.185, P < 0.05). Muscle mass and strength of patients with higher education level were significantly higher than those with lower education level (P < 0.05), in male patients, muscle mass and muscle strength were significantly lower in smokers (P < 0.01), and muscle mass was lower in chronic drinkers (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that diabetic patients may be more susceptible to sarcopenia at an older age. And it also provides evidences that among elderly with diabetes mellitus, oxidative damage and HCY as well as IGF-1 are important predictors of age-dependent sarcopenia.
Highlights
The explosion of aging population represents a worldwide demographic phenomenon which has put modern society under great challenge
The average level of skeletal muscle mass and strength as well as the risk factors were evaluated in elderly T2DM patients
Our data noted that older adults with T2DM displayed a lower muscle strength and higher 8OHdG and HCY, as well as a decreased serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels compared with those of nondiabetics
Summary
The explosion of aging population represents a worldwide demographic phenomenon which has put modern society under great challenge. Aging is accompanied by the high prevalence of age-related chronic diseases and geriatric conditions. In this sense, age-related changes in body composition are especially important that muscle is essential for locomotion, and it can negatively affect functional status in older adults, including a progressive decrease in muscle mass and strength, as well as function. Explorative study has shown that sarcopenia and frailty share the same biomedical determinants (aging, disease, inflammation, hormonal deficiencies, and malnutrition). The presence of sarcopenia correlates with functional impairment and adverse health outcomes, providing the background for subsequent disability, hospitalization, loss of independence, and frailty [2]. It is recognized that the presence of sarcopenia has an adverse impact on diabetes progress; it conferred a greater risk of fall, fracture, and disability in T2DM. It is clinically of great importance to have detailed knowledge about the occurrence of sarcopenia in elderly T2DM patients [7]
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