Abstract
Changing the City. The Urban Issue in Mid-19th Century, Florence Bourillon. People in the 19th-c didn't use the expression "urban crisis". They noted, however, the dysfunctions and the inadaptability of the city to the strong demographic and economic pressures and complained of its lack of sanitation, disorder, the risk of exodus from the city center, and its lack of security. Historians have borrowed this term from late-20th-c architects and urbanists to designate the assessment of sick city to the decision to redevelop it. The major transformations began in Paris with the Second Republic. Napoleon III promoted the thinking on it in 1853 by appointing the Commission of Paris Embellishment and gave Baron Haussmann the job of renovation.
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