Abstract

A method is presented for detecting changes in the axial peak tibial acceleration while adapting to self-discovered lower-impact running. Ten runners with high peak tibial acceleration were equipped with a wearable auditory biofeedback system. They ran on an athletic track without and with real-time auditory biofeedback at the instructed speed of 3.2 m·s−1. Because inter-subject variation may underline the importance of individualized retraining, a change-point analysis was used for each subject. The tuned change-point application detected major and subtle changes in the time series. No changes were found in the no-biofeedback condition. In the biofeedback condition, a first change in the axial peak tibial acceleration occurred on average after 309 running gait cycles (3′40″). The major change was a mean reduction of 2.45 g which occurred after 699 running gait cycles (8′04″) in this group. The time needed to achieve the major reduction varied considerably between subjects. Because of the individualized approach to gait retraining and its relatively quick response due to a strong sensorimotor coupling, we want to highlight the potential of a stand-alone biofeedback system that provides real-time, continuous, and auditory feedback in response to the axial peak tibial acceleration for lower-impact running.

Highlights

  • The peak tibial acceleration of the axial component can be defined as the maximum positive value of the signal during stance

  • At least one change point was detected for each subject in the biofeedback condition (Table 2), meaning that the runners swiftly reacted to the real-time auditory biofeedback

  • We present a simple method to detect changes in the time course of a biomechanical signal when runners engage in overground gait retraining

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Summary

Introduction

The peak tibial acceleration of the axial component can be defined as the maximum positive value of the signal during stance. Peak tibial acceleration has been used as input to biofeedback systems [4,5] These biofeedback systems can provide acoustic signals scaled to the magnitude registered by a shin-mounted accelerometer. Lowering the axial peak tibial acceleration in runners experiencing high-impact loading has been done with the goal of reducing the risk of running-related injuries [9,10,11]. These findings highlight the potential of an individualized approach of gait retraining using augmented feedback on peak tibial acceleration in real time. A wearable biofeedback system that continuously collects tibial acceleration was recently developed and Sensors 2020, 20, 1720; doi:10.3390/s20061720 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors acceleration was found when comparing the end the of magnitude a 20-minuteand biofeedback at a high sampling rate and to immediately detect the time ofrun thewith peaksthe of nothe

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