Abstract
Change-oriented risk management is the key content of civil aviation safety management. Hazard identification is considered as one of the most difficult and flexible parts. To address the risk management due to changes introduced in existing systems, in this paper, a system change-oriented hazard identification (SCOHI) model is firstly proposed. The SCOHI model identifies hazards by integrating “5M” (mission-man-machine-management-medium), and hazard and operability (HAZOP) techniques specify changes in a system and the associated impacts on the surrounding environment. Compared with the traditional brainstorm process, the SCOHI model provides an explicit way for hazard identification in a dynamic environment. Then, taking an air navigation service provider (ANSP) in Northwest China as an example, a case study of system changes from nonradar control operations to radar control operations is analyzed. The effectiveness and applicability of the SCOHI model are tested with a risk assessment. The results from the preliminary evaluation show that the four key system change-oriented hazards are air traffic control (ATC) skills, staff capacity, control procedures, and airspace structure. In addition, the “Man” category accounts for around 55% of the total risk, ranking number 1, followed by “Management,” “Medium,” and “Machine” categories. Finally, a sound risk control strategy is provided to the ANSP to help in controlling the risk and maintaining an acceptable level of safety during system changes.
Highlights
Safety assessment and risk management play an important role in civil aviation safety. ey continuously help identify and trace hazards and suggest mitigation against risks in order to maintain an acceptable level of safety and enable systems to function in a proper manner
Depending on the hazard identification sources and the approach to hazard identification, three groups of methods for identifying hazards in civil aviation are defined in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Doc. 9859 Safety Management Manual (SMM). (1) Reactive: A reactive method collects hazards by looking into incidents and accidents that have already occurred
Together with the application of the proposed system change-oriented hazard identification (SCOHI) model, safety assessment requirement for air navigation service provider (ANSP) issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) was applied in the assessment, for the classification of the hazard severity, likelihood, and risk classification matrix. ird, within the “5M” framework, a safety assessment worksheet was developed to find changes at different levels of the system
Summary
Safety assessment and risk management play an important role in civil aviation safety. ey continuously help identify and trace hazards and suggest mitigation against risks in order to maintain an acceptable level of safety and enable systems to function in a proper manner. Safety assessment and risk management play an important role in civil aviation safety. Various researchers and practitioners and aviation industries such as airport, airlines, and air navigation service providers (ANSPs) developed their unique methods and techniques for hazard identification. For. Journal of Advanced Transportation example, in the field of ANSPs, the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (Eurocontrol) released its regulatory document named risk assessment and mitigation in air traffic management (ATM) in early 2001, which mandated the safety assessment in the ATM industry. Current hazard identification techniques are designed to apply to an existing system, and the changing risk and impacts are generally not included in hazard identification procedures. Erefore, the objective of this study is to propose an effective risk management method for hazard identification and risk control under system changing circumstances. Taking an ANSP center in Northwest China as a study case, the main tasks are to identify new risks associated with the operational changes of the existing system, subsystem, or system components, measure the associated risk, and provide an efficient guideline for risk control
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