Abstract
The aim of the study is to compare the tilt angle-orientation and dual-axis tracking characteristics of mono- (m-Si), polycrystalline (p-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) modules in the summer of 2017, under real meteorological conditions with simulated data. The most important new element of our study is that, besides a comparison of the three most significant photovoltaic types, the technologies are differentiated by examining specific energy generation using dual-axis tracking and four different orientations at 5-degree intervals compared to simulated values, near to the summer solstice. For these types of measurements, as far as we are aware, there is no previous reliable, well-supported, comparative data. The simulated data show less accurate results, proving the importance of real data. Based on simulated data, the tilt angle and orientation showed about 10% favorable values compared to reality. Knowing our results can make it easier to plan investment, and estimate the investment and operational costs and their return on crystalline and amorphous silicon solar modules, for both sun-tracking and fixed systems with various orientations and tilt angles.
Highlights
As can be seen from the review of scientific publications (‘The effect of orientation and sun-tracking on the energy yield of the solar modules’ section), in research conducted so far, up to 3–4 tilt angle-orientation settings have been considered simultaneously, typically highlighting one technology; it is characteristic of these studies that azimuth and tilt angle analyses and models take into account given geographic conditions and do not group data according to photovoltaic technologies
On the day of measurement, the maximum height of the sun was 66.03◦, which means that the lower tilt angle orientations are more ideal than the larger ones
Most of the scientific publications have investigated under operating conditions only a few tilt angle-orientation settings at one time, and typically in relation to one technology
Summary
Solar energy is the most potent and abundant resource available for the whole of humanity, and is a clean and sustainable resource, since the annual energy potential arriving at the Earth’s surface from the Sun is approximately 8000 times greater than the current energy demand of the world. The proliferation and widespread use of solar-energy generation is increasingly justified by humaniTtyh’es ipnrcorleifaesriantgioennaenrgdywdiedmesapnrdesa,danudseitocfasnolmara-keneeargsyigngiefincearnatioconnitsriibnucrtieoansitnogltyhejupsrtoifmiedotiboyn of sushtauimnaabnlietye’sneinrgcryeamsianngageneemrgenytd, einmaadnddist,ioanndtoitocfafnerminagkme aansiygnoitfhicearnatdcvoanntrtiabguetsio[n1–t3o]t.hTehperroemaoretiomnany soluoftisounsstafionrasbolelaern-eenrgeyrgmy auntialgizeamtieonnt,, rinanagdidnigtiofrnomto pofafsesriivneg hmeaant yproothdeurctaidovnatnotacgoems p[1le–x3],.cTohnecreenatrraeted enemrgaynygesnoeluratitoionns [f4o]r. Solar-energy utilization, ranging from passive heat production to complex, coPnhceonttorvatoeldtaeicnetregcyhgneonleorgaiteiosn u[4s]e. Solar modules that transform solar energy into electricity. Considering the potential of solar energy, many forms of utilization have been—and are still beCinogn—siddeevreilnogpetdhetopdoatye,nftrioaml osfolsaorl-aproweneerergdya,irmcraanfty[1fo0,r1m1]sthorfouutgihlizhaytdioronghenavperobdeuecnt—ionan[1d2]aarnedstill beisnegw—agdeevselulodpgeedtrteoadtamye, nfrto[m13s]otloard-peosawlienraetdionairtcercahfnto[l1o0g,1y1][1t4h,r1o5u].gKhhhayndraongdenArpsraoladnuc(t2i0o1n6)[1[21]6a] nd sewpargoevisdleudagdeettraeialetmd ednetsc[r1i3p]titoondoefsatlhienadtieovneltoepcmhneonltodgiyre[c1t4io,1n5s].aKndhamneatnhdodAsrosfaluatnili(z2a0t1io6n) [1fo6r] sporloavride a dteetcahilneodlodgeys.cWriphetinondeovfetlhopeidnegvvealroipoumseanptpdliicraetcitoinosn,sthane dtympeeothf osodlsarofmuotdiluizleastiuosnedfodressoelravretsescphencoiallogy. Nsyoswtemadsaaynsd, dthuee to theceofnfiscuiemnecryparnicde doef vseoloarpmoendtuolefsthweiltleccohnntionlougeyt,othfaellc,orestsuolftimnganinufaacretudruicntgiosnyisntetmhes taimndeftrhaemceofnosruamer pricreetuorfnsonlairnvmeostdmuelnest. will continue to fall, resulting in a reduction in the timeframe for a return on invesIttmcaennbte. said that the cost of investment has approached the lowest cost level, which is only exIpteccatendbteosbaeidsitghnaiftitchanetclyosrteodfuicnevdebsytmsiegnntifhicaasnnt odwevaeplopprmoaecnhtsedintmheanlouwfaecsttucrionsgt lteevchenl,owlohgiychorisboynly expeexcptleodritnogbneewsigannidficchaneatlpyerrerdawucmedatbeyriaslisgn[1i7fi]c.ant developments in manufacturing technology or by explorinTgheneawmaonudntchoefaepneerrrgaywpmroadteurcieadls b[1y7]s.olar modules depends primarily on the type and composition of the particular module and the combined effect of the installation and the current
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