Abstract
Change of direction speed (CODS) is essential for basketball performance, extensively assessed by various tests. This review aimed to summarize the CODS test varieties for basketball players on publications until 2019 and identify recent trends regarding what types of tests have gained attention in the 2010s. Electronic literature searches were conducted using three databases with relevant keywords. 104 studies were found eligible, conducting CODS tests 159 times in total with 48 test varieties. To facilitate distinctions between the tests, each test was categorized into one of three types based on the distinctive movement characteristics and changing angles as follows: Defensive (involving lateral shuffling), 180°-turn (exerting only 180°-turns), and Cutting (performing diagonal- or side-cut). We then counted the number of publications and adopted times reported per year for each test, and calculated the adoption rate for each categorized test type. The first CODS test performed in basketball players was the T-Test, reported in 1991, and this was the most commonly adopted test (44/159 times). The 2010s saw abrupt increases in the number of publications (1990s-2000s-2010s: 5-9-90) and test varieties (4-7-44). The adoption rates in the 2010s were similar among the three types (i.e., Defensive/180°-turn/Cutting: 37%/30%/33%), with the Cutting type gradually increasing over the last three decades (1990s-2000s-2010s: 0%-9%-33%). These results suggest that while CODS performances in basketball players are increasingly studied with various tests, recent studies give equal weight to all of the three categorized test types, with increasing adoption of the Cutting type, to assess specific CODS performances.
Highlights
Change of direction speed (CODS) is a determinant of athletic performance in various sport events (Sheppard and Young, 2006; Spiteri et al, 2014)
From 1990 to 2004, only the Defensive and 180◦-turn types were adopted and Cutting type emerged in the late 2000s
The reactive type has been used since the late 2000s, but exclusively in the Cutting type (Table 1)
Summary
Change of direction speed (CODS) is a determinant of athletic performance in various sport events (Sheppard and Young, 2006; Spiteri et al, 2014). This test is designed to evaluate the performance of multiple movements, characterized as involving defensive maneuvers (i.e., lateral shuffling and backpedaling) similar to basic basketball movements (Jakovljevicet al., 2012; Stojanovicet al., 2019a) Another CODS test in basketball is the Suicide-run ( known as Line-drill), which consists of four consecutive shuttle sprints with turns in 180◦ on a basketball court (running almost 140 m in total) (Carvalho et al, 2017; Doma et al, 2018), simulating a game-related motion at the transition between offensive and defensive actions. Studies in the 2010s suggested that strength and conditioning coaches should consider sport-specific “stop-and-go” scenarios, which are more frequent in small courts sports, when selecting CODS tests (Serpell et al, 2010; Sekulic et al, 2014) Taking these aspects into account, various types of CODS tests may well have been developed and implemented. It is unclear how many and what types/varieties of tests have been used to evaluate CODS performance in basketball players
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