Change of bioactive properties, spectral reflectance, and color characteristics of European cranberry (Viburnum opulus L.) juice as affected by foam mat drying technique.

Abstract

The European cranberry bush, known for its health benefits, can only be consumed through fermentation. This study aimed to develop a fruit leather made from European cranberry bush using quince seed gel and the foam drying method. For this purpose, quince seed gel was added to European cranberry juice to increase consistency. Then, European cranberry fruit leather was obtained by drying at 70, 80, and 90°C air temperatures using foam mat drying technology. Spectral reflectance, color, drying kinetics, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic content, antiradical activity, and macro-micronutrient concentrations of the resulting fruit pulp were investigated. The foam mat drying process at 90°C had the greatest values of ascorbic acid (0.996 mg g- 1), anthocyanin (275.9mg kg- 1), DPPH (47.77%), and ABTS.+ (68.76µg TE g- 1). In addition, the highest value of total phenolic content (37.75 mg g- 1) was obtained in the foam mat drying process at 80°C. The highest concentration of P, Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Mn in fruit leather was obtained at 70°C, and the highest concentration of S, Cu, and Zn was obtained at 90°C. The lowest spectral reflectance values were measured at 90°C. In conclusion, the present study explored the fact that adding quince seed gel, extremely rich in biochemical content, significantly enhanced the bioactivity properties of European cranberry bush fruit leather.