Change in the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in different technologies of winter wheat cultivation

Abstract

Relevance and methods. The processes of microbiological transformation of substances in soil are closely related to the productivity of crops, affecting the growth and nutrition of plants. Data are given on the number of soil yeast and microorganisms transforming nitrogen compounds depending on the technology of winter wheat cultivation. The number of microorganisms transforming nitrogen compounds is higher in the technology without soil treatment (no-till). Results. It was established that the introduction of ammonium nitrate N 52 leads to a significant increase in the number of microorganisms in technology with fine soil treatment (from 28.5 to 31.3·10 5 colonies forming units per gram of absolutely dry soil). In versions with the introduction of mineral fertilizers, the number of microorganisms increased on all technologies for cultivating winter wheat. The largest number of microorganisms was noted on versions with the introduction of complete mineral fertilizer, on average by the years of study and cultivation technologies, it was for microorganisms that transform nitrogen compounds — 154.2·10 5 colonies forming units per gram of absolutely dry soil and for soil yeast — 44.9·10 3 colonies forming units per gram of absolutely dry soil. During the period of research, the responsiveness of winter wheat to fertilizers was very high. Maximum crop yield was achieved on the version with introduction of N 52 P 52 K 52 — 5.32–7.02 t/ha. The use of mineral fertilizers contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of soil microflora, which had a positive effect on the yield of winter wheat.