Abstract
To examine changes in seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) during a period in which universal vaccine recommendations for all U.S. children were implemented, results from serologic testing from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003–2010 were analyzed among 7,989 participants age 6–19 years, born in the U.S. in two birth cohorts (1986–1996 and 1997–2004). Overall prevalence increased over time from 24.4% in 2003–2006 to the highest ever reported (37.6%) in 2007–2010. Specifically, increases reached statistical significance in the birth cohort born in the years after implementation of vaccine recommendations (1997–2004), among those of race/ethnicity other than white, non-Hispanic, and among states where recommendations were implemented later. The greatest increase over time was among the subgroup of persons in states with early implementation who were of race/ethnicity other than white, non-Hispanic. Geographic region and birth cohort based on vaccine recommendations as well as race/ethnicity were the main predictors of seropositivity in 2007–2010. The increase in Hepatitis A seroprevalence occurred during a time of decreasing incidence and increasing vaccination, however race/ethnic disparities persist.
Highlights
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and spread primarily through close personal contact with an hepatitis A virus (HAV)-infected person
In 1995, the first Hepatitis A vaccines were licensed in the United States and by 1996 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) made recommendations for routine vaccination of children aged 2–18 years living in communities with the highest rates of infection and disease [2]
We evaluated sociodemographic factors associated with seroprevalence in the post vaccine era (2007–2010), and compared these findings with those of previous studies based on data before a vaccine became available
Summary
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and spread primarily through close personal contact with an HAV-infected person. Hepatitis A was once one of the most frequently reported notifiable diseases in the United States (U.S.) with a reported incidence of 10.7 cases per. In 1995, the first Hepatitis A vaccines were licensed in the United States and by 1996 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) made recommendations for routine vaccination of children aged 2–18 years living in communities with the highest rates of infection and disease [2]. In 1999, the ACIP recommended routine vaccination for children living in 11 mostly western states, with mean incidence rates that were at least twice the. The ACIP recommended consideration of routine vaccination of children in an additional six states, where mean incidence rates were higher than the national average, but less than twice that value
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