Abstract
Exercise is considered an important component of a healthy lifestyle but there remains controversy on effects of exercise on non-exercise physical activity (PA). The present study examined the prospective association of aerobic and resistance exercise with total daily energy expenditure and PA in previously sedentary, young men. Nine men (27.0 ± 3.3 years) completed two 16-week exercise programs (3 exercise sessions per week) of aerobic and resistance exercise separated by a minimum of 6 weeks in random order. Energy expenditure and PA were measured with the SenseWear Mini Armband prior to each intervention as well as during week 1, week 8 and week 16 of the aerobic and resistance exercise program. Body composition was measured via dual x-ray absorptiometry. Body composition did not change in response to either exercise intervention. Total daily energy expenditure on exercise days increased by 443 ± 126 kcal/d and 239 ± 152 kcal/d for aerobic and resistance exercise, respectively (p < 0.01). Non-exercise moderate-to-vigorous PA, however, decreased on aerobic exercise days (−148 ± 161 kcal/d; p = 0.03). There was no change in total daily energy expenditure and PA on non-exercise days with aerobic exercise while resistance exercise was associated with an increase in moderate-to-vigorous PA during non-exercise days (216 ± 178 kcal/d, p = 0.01). Results of the present study suggest a compensatory reduction in PA in response to aerobic exercise. Resistance exercise, on the other hand, appears to facilitate non-exercise PA, particularly on non-exercise days, which may lead to more sustainable adaptations in response to an exercise program.
Highlights
The benefits of physical activity (PA) regarding cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk as well as overall quality of life have been well documented (O’Donovan et al 2010)
Even though aerobic exercise results in a higher energy expenditure during the exercise bout compared to resistance exercise, results of the present study emphasize the benefits of resistance exercise in the long-term, due to the beneficial effect on non-exercise PA
Resistance exercise has been associated with a more pronounced increase in resting metabolic rate compared to aerobic exercise (Greer et al 2015), which further contributes to a higher total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) after the completion of a resistance exercise program
Summary
The benefits of physical activity (PA) regarding cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk as well as overall quality of life have been well documented (O’Donovan et al 2010). Given the decline in physical demands in daily living (e.g. occupational PA, household PA) (Archer et al 2013; Church et al 2011), exercise becomes an increasingly important component of an active lifestyle, in young adults (Westerterp 2003). Various studies have shown a smaller change in TDEE than what would have been expected based on the energy costs of specific exercise programs (Drenowatz 2015). Given the generally short duration of an exercise session, the effect of exercise on other aspects contributing to TDEE, such as non-exercise PA, need to be considered when evaluating the benefits of an exercise program. Non-exercise PA reflects activities of daily living
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