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Abstract
The majority of adults in the world (around 83%) carry antibodies reactive with HCMV and are thought to retain inactive or latent infections lifelong. The virus is transmitted via saliva, so infection events are likely to be common. Indeed, it is hard to imagine a life without exposure to HCMV. From 45 seronegative individuals (13 renal transplant recipients, 32 healthy adults), we present seven cases who had detectable HCMV DNA in their blood and/or saliva, or a CMV-encoded homologue of IL-10 (vIL-10) in their plasma. One case displayed NK cells characteristic of CMV infection before her HCMV DNA became undetectable. In other cases, the infection may persist with seroconversion blocked by vIL-10. Future research should seek mechanisms that can prevent an individual from seroconverting despite a persistent HCMV infection, as HCMV vaccines may not work well in such people.
Highlights
Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Abstract: The majority of adults in the world carry antibodies reactive with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and are thought to retain inactive or latent infections lifelong
Levels of CMV reactive antibodies were determined using in-house ELISAs, recognizing a lysate of fibroblasts infected with HCMV AD169
The cut-off defining seropositivity was 3600 arbitrary units (AU)/mL based on the HCMV lysate [25,26]
Summary
It is often assumed that a person who has antibodies reactive against a specific virus (i.e., is defined as “seropositive”) has been infected and may retain that virus. Viruses such as herpesviruses are known to persist for life while other viruses such as influenza are cleared after infection. Transmission via saliva is readily demonstrated in nurseries and crèches [10] but is likely in other situations where individuals are close together. This is not restricted to particular populations.
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