Challenging the Boundary between Self-Awareness and Self-Consciousness in AI from the Perspectives of Philosophy

Abstract

With the progression of technology, scientists are dealing with the challenges brought about by the creation of smart AI models designed for actual use. This paper aimed to explore the complex boundary between consciousness and self-awareness in artificial intelligence (AI) systems from a philosophical perspective. Methods - The literature review conducted as part of this study was based on materials obtained from such databases as WOS, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The findings of the study indicated that, in the present day, philosophy is analysing how technological advancements have led to a focus on conceptual frameworks that define consciousness as the capacity of artificial intelligence to identify its functional states. Self-awareness is also being viewed as the ability to reflect and recognise oneself within a larger context. Drawing on the principles of symbolic AI and connectionism, the study considers whether AI can have a form of self-awareness similar to biological entities and how this relates to philosophical debates about consciousness. The study delved into the symbolic representation of knowledge and logical reasoning as tools for AI to achieve a primary form of self-awareness. This is contrasted with a connectionist approach that models the emergent properties of neural networks, suggesting a pathway to more complex forms of self-awareness. The article discussed the limitations and potential of these approaches, including the ethical implications of creating systems that can mimic aspects of human self-awareness and self-concept. By thoroughly examining the current AI technologies and their underlying philosophical principles, the article aims to give a detailed look at the ongoing debate on the cognitive abilities of AI and whether it can move beyond basic self-awareness to a more profound level of self-awareness. The conclusion is that although AI may exhibit behaviours indicative of self-awareness, the subjective experience of self-awareness remains a uniquely human trait, which calls into question the boundary between human and machine cognition.