Abstract
With the advances in technology, there has been an increasing interest from researchers and industrial institutions in the use of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Constrained by the open acoustic channel, harsh underwater environment, and their own particularities, UWSNs are vulnerable to a wide class of security threats and malicious attacks. However, most existing research into UWSNs has not taken security into consideration. Moreover, the existing relatively mature security mechanisms for WSNs cannot be directly utilized in UWSNs. For these reasons, this article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the particularities, constraints, attacks, challenges and current security mechanisms of UWSNs. In addition, challenging, open and hot research topics are outlined.
Highlights
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have proven strength in various underwater applications of ocean monitoring, resource exploration, surveillance and military use in harsh underwater environments [1,2].Underwater wireless wireless sensor sensor network network (UWSN) are composed of several components: onshore sink, surface buoy, underwater sink node, and underwater sensor nodes
The data are transmitted to a surface buoy via wired link, and received at an onshore sink or surface sink via radio communication
Static two-dimensional architecture: all the nodes are anchored to the ocean floor
Summary
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have proven strength in various underwater applications of ocean monitoring, resource exploration, surveillance and military use in harsh underwater environments [1,2].As shown in Figure 1, UWSNs are composed of several components: onshore sink, surface buoy, underwater sink node, and underwater sensor nodes. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have proven strength in various underwater applications of ocean monitoring, resource exploration, surveillance and military use in harsh underwater environments [1,2]. UWSNs are composed of several components: onshore sink, surface buoy, underwater sink node, and underwater sensor nodes. Underwater sensor nodes monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as pressure, sound, temperature, etc. Cooperatively transmit data to the underwater sink node. The data are transmitted to a surface buoy via wired link, and received at an onshore sink or surface sink via radio communication. There are three different architectures for UWSNs. Static two-dimensional architecture: all the nodes are anchored to the ocean floor. The underwater sink node collects data from sensor nodes by the horizontal transceiver. It relays data to surface buoy by the vertical transceiver or wired link
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