Abstract
This review provides current insights on designing brake friction composites and states the extent of deviation since its historical evolution, the nuances of braking-induced contact dynamics, the adverse effect of brake wear debris followed by the contemporary bio-fiber/ naturally derived composition alternatives based on life cycle analysis implications and formulation design strategy assessment in view of the toxicity consequences of metallic constituents in brake friction composites. To reduce this adverse environmental impact, bio-based resinous binders, plant fibers, and naturally derived additives have been highlighted with their roles and contribution to tribological performance attributes particularly elucidated in terms of brake composites. Moreover, the role of bio-based natural friction additives and degradable solid waste as fillers in controlling braking and sliding-induced contact dynamics has been elaborated. Thus the paper comprehensively analyses the compositional influence pertaining to bio-based/naturally occurring/degradable solid waste as alternative materials to sustainably design new friction compositions while addressing the objective of minimizing braking-induced particulate matter emission and microplastic generation. The review further explores the life cycle analysis of brake friction composition of the ideologically appropriate one to that of the conventional composites in the broader realms of SWOT analysis and strategy assessment to explore the incorporation of green ingredients as a class of functionally integral components into brake composites.
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