Abstract
Complex dental components which are individually tailored to the patient can be obtained due to new additive manufacturing technology. This paper reviews the metallic powders used in dental applications, the fabrication process (build orientation, process parameters) and post-processing processes (stress relieving, surface finishing). A review of the literature was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Mendeley and Google Scholar. Over eighty articles were selected based on relevance to this review. This paper attempts to include the latest research from 2010 until 2020, however, older manuscripts (10 articles) were also selected. Over 1200 records were identified through the search; these were screened for title and/or summary. Over eighty articles were selected based on relevance to this review. In order to obtain a product which can be used in clinical applications, the appropriate manufacturing parameters should be selected. A discussion was made on optimal selective laser melting (SLM) parameters in dentistry. In addition, this paper includes a critical review of applied thermal treatment methods for Co–Cr alloys used in dentistry.
Highlights
CoCr-based alloys are commonly used in dentistry because of their excellent corrosion resistance and outstanding mechanical properties, such as high stiffness
Metallic materials are processed by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) (Table 1) that allows 3D structures to be produced based on data regarding individual organs, bones or blood vessels obtained from medical imaging devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), cone beam tomography (CBCT) or ultrasound (USG)
Selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are three methods classified as powder bed fusion (PBF)
Summary
CoCr-based alloys are commonly used in dentistry because of their excellent corrosion resistance and outstanding mechanical properties, such as high stiffness. The products are formed through the addition of the materials layer by layer, based on sliced data from the 3D design [14,15] This method is used for producing complex products and has opened new possibilities in dentistry [16]. Powder bed fusion uses a heat source to consolidate metallic powder to form a 3D object (layer by layer), according to CAD This techniques offer cost-effective customization and reduced assembly [21]. Milling (subtractive manufacturing): a prepared prosthetic design is mechanically cut from a metal block Powder bed fusion (PBF, additive manufacturing): the prepared prosthetic is formed by the thermal consolidation of a metal powder (layer by layer). Selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are three methods classified as PBF
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