Abstract
Summary Vitamin D is an important determinant for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels and mineralization of the bone. The most reliable indicator of vitamin D status is the measurement of plasma or serum 25OH-D concentration. Several studies reported discrepancies between the results of assays. These high variabilities in 25OH-D measurements are due to used assay technologies and lack of standardization against the reference materials. Different assays have been employed for the measurement of 25OHD levels: Competitive Protein Binding Assays, immunoassays, direct detection methods. Choosing an assay platform is important both for clinical laboratory professionals and researchers, and several factors affect this process. Recently, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is an alternative method to traditional assays and provides higher specificity and sensitivity than many assays; therefore, it has been suggested as a candidate reference method for circulating 25OH-D3. Standardization of methods for the quantification of 25OH-D by using the human-based samples would reduce the inter-method variability. The best way for laboratories to demonstrate the accuracy of their results is by participating in the external quality assessment scheme. Standardization of the assays is also required to provide clinicians with the accurate tools to diagnose hypovitaminosis. In addition, assay-specific decision limits are needed to define appropriate thresholds of treatment.
Highlights
Vitamin D is a pr o-hormone, known for its im portant role in the r egulation of calcium and phosphorus levels and mineralization of the bone
Hypo vitaminosis D is known to contribute to osteopor osis through decreased calcium absorption, subsequent secondary hyperparathyroidism and incr eased bone resorption
Low Vitamin D levels have been found to be associated with the asthma in childr en [2], endothelial dysfunction [3, 4], harmful immunomodulatory effects [5], car diovascular risk [6], cognitive impair ment [7], and lost antitumoral activity potentiating a number of cytotoxic anti-cancer agents (8 )
Summary
Vitamin D is a pr o-hormone, known for its im portant role in the r egulation of calcium and phosphorus levels and mineralization of the bone. In 2001, Nichols Diagnostics intr oduced fully automated chemiluminescence A dvantage 25OH-D assay In this assay system, unextracted serum or plasma sample is directly added into the mixture containing human vitamin D binding pr otein (DBP), acridi nium-ester labeled anti-DBP and 25OH-D3 coated magnetic particles [25]. R oth et al compar ed six r outinely available methods; HPLC, IDS-RIA, IDS-EIA, A dvantage, two versions of DiaSorin automated immunoassay; Liaison 1, Liaison 2 and Elecsys assay with LC MSMS [15]. Selected patient samples were measured by two LC -MSMS methods, a RIA (DiasSorin), automated immunoassays fr om Abbott (Architect), DiaSorin (Liaison), IDS (ISYS), R oche (E170, monoclonal 25OH-D3 assay) and Siemens (Centaur). SRM can serve as adjunct to existing DEQAS for vitamin D analysis [51]
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