Abstract
Dielectric Laser Acceleration (DLA) achieves the highest gradients among structure-based electron accelerators. The use of dielectrics increases the breakdown field limit, and thus the achievable gradient, by a factor of at least 10 in comparison to metals. Experimental demonstrations of DLA in 2013 led to the Accelerator on a Chip International Program (ACHIP), funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In ACHIP, our main goal is to build an accelerator on a silicon chip, which can accelerate electrons from below 100 keV to above 1 MeV with a gradient of at least 100 MeV/m. For stable acceleration on the chip, magnet-only focusing techniques are insufficient to compensate the strong acceleration defocusing. Thus, spatial harmonic and Alternating Phase Focusing (APF) laser-based focusing techniques have been developed. We have also developed the simplified symplectic tracking code DLAtrack6D, which makes use of the periodicity and applies only one kick per DLA cell, which is calculated by the Fourier coefficient of the synchronous spatial harmonic. Due to coupling, the Fourier coefficients of neighboring cells are not entirely independent and a field flatness optimization (similarly as in multi-cell cavities) needs to be performed. The simulation of the entire accelerator on a chip by a Particle In Cell (PIC) code is possible, but impractical for optimization purposes. Finally, we have also outlined the treatment of wake field effects in attosecond bunches in the grating within DLAtrack6D, where the wake function is computed by an external solver.
Highlights
The Accelerator on a Chip International Program (ACHIP) [1], funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation in the period between 2015 and 2020, aims to explore Dielectric Laser Acceleration (DLA)
The group at Stanford University used a silicon dual pillar structure to accelerate 96 keV electrons with a gradient of more than 200 MeV/m [7] and a similar experiment at 30 keV with few-cycle laser pulses was done at FAU Erlangen [8]
It can be simulated by various techniques such as Finite Difference / Finite Integration Time Domain (FD/FI TD) codes [25, 26], Finite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) codes [27], or Finite Element Frequency Domain (FEFD) codes [26, 28]
Summary
U. Niedermayer1,2∗, A. Adelmann7, R. Aßmann4, S. Bettoni7, D. S. Black2, O. Boine-Frankenheim1, P. N. Broaddus2, R. L. Byer2, M. Calvi7, H. Cankaya4,11,15, A. Ceballos2, D. Cesar10, B. Cowan9, M. Dehler7, H. Deng2, U. Dorda4, T. Egenolf1, R. J. England3, M. Fakhari4, A. Fallahi11, S. Fan2, E. Ferrari5,7, F. Frei7, T. Feurer12, J. Harris2, I. Hartl4, D. Hauenstein7, B. Hermann7,12, N. Hiller7, T. Hirano2, P. Hommelhoff 6, Y.-C.Huang13, Z. Huang2, T. W. Hughes2, J. Illmer6, R. Ischebeck7, Y. Jiang2, F. Kärtner4,11,15, W. Kuropka4,15, T. Langenstein2, Y. J. Lee8, K. Leedle2, F. Lemery4, A. Li6, C. Lombosi7, B. Marchetti4, F. Mayet4,15, Y. Miao2, A. Mittelbach6, P. Musumeci10, B. Naranjo10, A. Pigott2, E. Prat7, M. Qi8, S.Reiche7, L. Rivkin5,7, J. Rosenzweig10, N. Sapra2, N. Schönenberger6, X. Shen10, R. Shiloh6, E.Skär1, E. Simakov14, O. Solgaard2, L. Su2, A. Tafel6, S. Tan2, J. Vuckovic2, H. Xuan4,15, K. Yang2, P. Yousefi6, Z. Zhao2, J. Zhu4 Universität Bern, Switzerland Nat. Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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