Challenges in Observation-Based Mapping of Daily Precipitation across the Conterminous United States

Abstract

AbstractThere is a great need for gridded daily precipitation datasets to support a wide variety of disciplines in science and industry. Production of such datasets faces many challenges, from station data ingest to gridded dataset distribution. The quality of the dataset is directly related to its information content, and each step in the production process provides an opportunity to maximize that content. The first opportunity is maximizing station density from a variety of sources and assuring high quality through intensive screening, including manual review. To accommodate varying data latency times, the Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) Climate Group releases eight versions of a day’s precipitation grid, from 24 h after day’s end to 6 months of elapsed time. The second opportunity is to distribute the station data to a grid using methods that add information and minimize the smoothing effect of interpolation. We use two competing methods, one that utilizes the information in long-term precipitation climatologies, and the other using weather radar return patterns. Last, maintaining consistency among different time scales (monthly vs daily) affords the opportunity to exploit information available at each scale. Maintaining temporal consistency over longer time scales is at cross purposes with maximizing information content. We therefore produce two datasets, one that maximizes data sources and a second that includes only networks with long-term stations and no radar (a short-term data source). Further work is under way to improve station metadata, refine interpolation methods by producing climatologies targeted to specific storm conditions, and employ higher-resolution radar products.