Abstract
The collapse of communist systems in the Former Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia led the way for the states of these systems to the democratic systems of governance and market liberalization. Membership of the former communist bloc countries in the Euro-Atlantic alliances and international organizations of various characters has been accompanied by political, economic and social challenges. The reforms which should be realized by the governments, aimed at meeting the standards that are imposed as conditions for membership, these reforms in the field of economy and trade, accompanied by the cost that the state, domestic companies, and the population had paid to the membership process. Through this research, we aim to highlight the challenges with which it was faced the Macedonian State and Government during the process of market liberalization, with emphasis on the costs associated with and during the World Trade Organization (WTO) membership process. Following the analysis of the official reports of the WTO and the Macedonian Statistical Office, as well as the interviews with Macedonian officials, we conclude that the WTO rules and principles have had an impact on the reduction of revenues from customs, domestic businesses and legislative changes in terms of foreign trade.
Highlights
The socialist economic system, which in the Central and Eastern Europe has existed until the end of the 80s of the last century, faced both: political and economic restrictions
The privatization of public enterprises during the transition period is of importance as the principles and rules of the market economy are oriented towards the privatization of the state sector;
Together with the slow rates of liberalization and attracting foreign investment, are the reasons that the transition was not achieved at the right level
Summary
The socialist economic system, which in the Central and Eastern Europe has existed until the end of the 80s of the last century, faced both: political and economic restrictions. The customs tariff increases the product price, where buyers will pay more for goods and services, for small and transitional countries, customs revenues constitute a very important source of funding In this regard, as the cost of Macedonia's WTO accession, it can be mentioned the reduction of customs revenues. As the cost of Macedonia's WTO accession, it can be mentioned the reduction of customs revenues This is one side of the medal, while the other side is that high customs tariffs make the imports low in the country, which can lead to the opening of smuggling and illegal trade routes. People or companies involved in importing products will use all illegal routes to cross the borders and place them on the domestic market Trade liberalization closes these routes by enabling goods to pass customs procedures at low tariffs and have met sanitary and phytosanitary standards. During the WTO membership process, training is offered to state administrators at this stage on the way and procedure for applying WTO rules and agreements, which have shared and facilitated the overall cost of institutionalization and training of staff concerned
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