Challenges for structural health monitoring of concrete curing using piezoelectric sensor and electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique: A critical review

Abstract

Monitoring the strength of early-age concrete is crucial by assessing an accurate time of removing construction formwork and loads on the structural elements, as well as the high technology strength identifications. This high technology is based on electromechanical impedance (EMI). EMI technique might also be monitored for efficient and verifiable effects, such as the curing phenomenon in situ investigation level. The curing effect on concrete strength elements has been significantly detected using piezoelectric patches (PZT) as smart material devices in electromechanical impedance investigation. This EMI approach is also becoming a sustainable solution for diagnostic demands in order to determine the signature characteristics at earlier phases of the concrete strength growth. In 2005, the first investigation on the curing problem was published, then became increasingly well-known in many relevant studies. Consequently, this paper presents the most recent state-of the- art curing studies by EMI technology. The literature reviews categorized relevant information into vital concrete curing challenges to be highlighted in future research. State-of-art listed the critical outputs and findings as installation techniques, computing technology integration, modelling, analysis techniques, signal processing, and environmental factors. In conclusion, EMI technology might potentially be transformed into a self-contained monitoring device to detect early damage in concrete. Similarly, the appropriate research gaps might examine more experiments and simultaneously provides an explanation for more research problems in the field of structural health monitoring.