Challenges experienced by nurses caring for patients from different cultures: a scoping review of the literature, 2010-2020

Abstract

Aim: Increased cultural diversity due to global migration and on-going associated healthcare disparities has highlighted the importance of culturally competent care. We sought to summarize existing knowledge and identify gaps in research linked to the cultural challenges encountered by nurses when caring for patients from different cultures. Design: A scoping review. Methods: Informed by PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO Host, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using relevant MeSH keywords for articles published from 2010–2020. We then used a 3-step data screening and extraction process to manage retrieved articles. Results: Initially 80 studies were identified, six of which met inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis yielded five themes: lack of cultural knowledge, language barriers, micro-racism, lack of time to attend training and provide culturally competent care, and recommendations to improve care delivery. Conclusion: Nurses should be proactive and advocate for the necessary education and training to provide culturally competent care so critical to providing high-quality healthcare. More research, interventional and effectiveness in particular, is needed to address common challenges such as micro-racism and to facilitate the World Health Organization and National Academy of Medicine recommendations directed at providing culturally appropriate care to promote health equity.