Abstract

Recombinant proteins are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications, where Escherichia coli is the most widely used bacterial host for their production. However, the formation of inclusion bodies is a frequently encountered challenge for producing soluble and functional recombinant proteins. To overcome this hurdle, different strategies have been developed through adjusting growth conditions, engineering host strains of E. coli, altering expression vectors, and modifying the proteins of interest. These approaches will be comprehensively highlighted with some of the new developments in this review. Additionally, the unique features of protein inclusion bodies, the mechanism and influencing factors of their formation, and their potential advantages will also be discussed.

Highlights

  • Inclusion bodies (IBs) are nuclear, cytoplasmic, or periplasmic aggregates of bio-macromolecules, mostly proteins

  • The results demonstrated that protein’s aggregation occurred at higher levels under uncontrolled pH condition than controlled ones, where the controlled pH environment was achieved by coupling with an automatic supplementation of 1.0 M NaOH

  • Many strategies have been developed to reduce the formation of IBs in E. coli, involving the fine-tuning of protein expression rates, engineering host strains to enable key post-translational modifications, tuning the expression vector appropriately, and using bioinformatics tools to predict the tendency of proteins to aggregate

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Summary

Introduction

Inclusion bodies (IBs) are nuclear, cytoplasmic, or periplasmic aggregates of bio-macromolecules, mostly proteins. To take the advantage of the production of the molecular chaperones, induced by high temperatures, while minimizing the formation of IBs, a short heat shock (47◦C, 30 min) was used to treat E. coli cells before inducing protein expression under 20◦C.

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Conclusion

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