Challenges and Progress in Spent Ion-Exchange Resin Management at NPPs

Abstract

The management of radioactive spent ion-exchange resins poses significant challenges for NPPs, due to the lack of economically viable and efficient processing technologies. Such a situation necessitates urgent technological solutions. Historically, conventional methods of radioactive waste treatment have struggled to address the unique properties of spent ion-exchange resins, resulting in their gradual accumulation at industrial sites. At present, the accumulation of spent ion-exchange resins at Ukrainian NPPs has reached critical level, so that addressing radioactive waste management within the national nuclear power industry necessitates two distinct strategies: an immediate technological solution to condition and dispose of the accumulated spent ion-exchange resins, and a sophisticated method aimed at eliminating critical accumulation of spent ion-exchange resins in the future. This publication explores the context and the current status of spent ion-exchange resins management at Ukrainian NPPs, highlighting the efforts to develop and implement treatment technologies, both well-known and innovative. Various methods, including geopolymerization, UHF-vitrification, cementation, and decontamination, are assessed and compared for their feasibility and effectiveness. The study emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to yield safer, more stable, and volume-reduced end-products compared to conventional methods. Additionally, the paper discusses ongoing research endeavors and the importance of knowledge dissemination within the scientific community. Despite challenges, there is growing momentum towards finding practical solutions for spent ion-exchange resins treatment, emphasizing the need for continued research and innovation in this critical area of radioactive waste management. By addressing these challenges and advancing technological solutions, Ukraine can mitigate the accumulation of spent ion-exchange resins and enhance radioactive waste management practices in the national nuclear power industry.