Abstract
Co-crystal innovation is an opportunity in drug development for both scientists and industry. In line with the “green pharmacy” concept for obtaining safer methods and advanced pharmaceutical products, co-crystallization is one of the most promising approaches to find novel patent drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This kind of multi-component system improves previously poor physicochemical and mechanical properties through non-covalent interactions. Practically, there are many challenges to find commercially viable co-crystal drugs. The difficulty in selecting co-formers becomes the primary problem, followed by unexpected results, such as decreased solubility and dissolution, spring and parachute effect, microenvironment pH effects, changes in instability, and polymorphisms, which can occur during the co-crystal development. However, over time, NSAID co-crystals have been continuously updated regarding co-formers selection and methods development.
Highlights
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agents commonly used to treat muscle pain, dysmenorrhea, rheumatism, pyrexia, gout, migraine, etc
Co-crystallization is a solid formation process in crystalline form, which is very promising for NSAID development due to its ability to improve physicochemical and mechanical properties
Safer and more effective active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) produced by co-crystallization could update old drugs and encourage the evergreening drug patents
Summary
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agents commonly used to treat muscle pain, dysmenorrhea, rheumatism, pyrexia, gout, migraine, etc. These drugs are combined with opioids to treat acute trauma cases [1]. Over the past few years, co-crystals have shown significant results in drug development, especially in modifying APIs’ physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics, such as solubility and dissolution rate, bioavailability, morphology, particle size melting point, physical form, biochemical stability, and permeability [14,15]. NSAID co-crystal development, its challenges, and procedures will be discussed in this manuscript, respectively
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