Challenge-confirmed diagnosis restores quality of life in cofactor-dependent wheat allergy

Abstract

BackgroundFood allergies including cofactor-dependent allergies such as cofactor-dependent wheat allergy (CDWA) decrease the quality of life (QOL) of patients. ObjectiveTo define the health-related QOL and fears in patients with CDWA and to evaluate the impact of diagnosis confirmation by oral challenge test (OCT). MethodsPatients with CDWA diagnosed by clinical history, sensitization, and OCT were invited to participate. Clinical characteristics, patients’ fears, self-perceived overall QOL, the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire—Adult Form score, and the risks and benefits of OCT were evaluated after the final diagnosis. ResultsA total of 22 adults with CDWA (13 male, 9 female; mean age 53.5 years; median 5 years until diagnosis) were included. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels for gluten proteins were inversely correlated with the reaction threshold (P < .05). Higher reaction severity in the patients’ histories correlated with increased basal serum tryptase levels (P = .003) and gluten and gliadin specific IgE (P < .05), but not to QOL. After the first allergic reaction, patients reported a drop in QOL (P < .001). Challenge-confirmed diagnosis and medical consultation could restore the patients’ QOL (P < .05) and reduce their fear of further reactions (P < .01). No severe reactions occurred during OCT, which was rated as not stressful and highly beneficial. Compared with patients with CDWA diagnosed without OCT in the literature, health-related QOL was less impaired (mean Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire—Adult Form score 3.8), especially regarding the emotional impact (P < .001 vs existing literature). ConclusionUntil final diagnosis, patients with CDWA have a severe physical and psychological burden. OCT is a safe method to confirm the diagnosis, restore the patients’ severely affected QOL, and reduce their fear of further reactions.