Challenge and Solution for Cancer Vaccine Therapy for Breast Cancer

Abstract

Although the development of targeted drugs has gained great success in cancer treatment, all metastatic cancers have developed resistance. All these therapies are no longer effective for about 33% of people with HER2-positive breast cancer. In vaccine treatment, antigens are delivered, interacting with cancer cells, and inducing a prolonged immune response. Effective vaccines can especially prevent cancer recurrence and defend against various tumor antigens since they have a longer immunological memory. Although there have been great advancements in cancer vaccine development over the past 10 years, there are still some major challenges to overcome. Combining adjuvants has considerably aided cancer vaccines in overcoming challenges such as tumor immunosuppression and antigenic immunogenicity. The benefits, drawbacks, and most recent developments of four breast cancer vaccinations are examined in this research. The result of the development of adjuvant techniques to circumvent low antigen immunogenicity and tumor immune evasion, which also can help the researchers to understand the molecular mechanisms behind these issues.