Abstract

We argue that deletion is not the only way that chain links created by A′-movement can be affected at PF. Chain links can also be substituted by a morpheme. This substitution delivers a linearizable output (in a manner parallel to deletion), creating overt “traces” on the surface. We demonstrate the virtues of our proposal through the empirical lens of adjunct extraction in two Mayan languages of the K’ichean branch: K’iche’ and Kaqchikel. In these languages, extraction of low adjuncts triggers the appearance of a verbal enclitic wi. The distribution of the enclitic upon long distance extraction shows that it must be analyzed as a surface reflex of substitution of a chain link. Our proposal provides evidence that movement proceeds successive cyclically and has two additional theoretical consequences: (i) C0 must be a phase head (contra den Dikken 2009; 2017), (ii) v0 cannot be a phase head (in line with Keine 2017).

Highlights

  • Mendes and RaneroGlossa: a journal ofIn minimalism, displacement is usually seen as a by-product of Internal Merge ( internal merge (IM); Chomsky 2004, et seq.)

  • We engage with proposals that claim that C0 is not a phase head, arguing that such conceptions of phasehood cannot account for the phenomenon discussed here

  • We argued that the embedded wi is the output of Chain Reduction via Substitution on the lowermost link of the movement chain, while the matrix fronting particle is the output of Chain Reduction via Substitution on the chain link in embedded Spec,CP

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Displacement is usually seen as a by-product of Internal Merge ( IM; Chomsky 2004, et seq.). The empirical domain we will use to argue for our position is A′-extraction of low adjuncts in two closely-related Mayan languages of the K’ichean branch: K’iche’ and Kaqchikel. In the Mayanist literature, this enclitic is usually called a fronting particle (Spanish: partícula de adelantamiento) (e.g., García Matzar & Rodríguez Guaján 1997 for Kaqchikel).2 We will use this terminology moving forward. We will argue that the fronting particle is an overt trace, here understood in terms of Chain reduction via Substitution.. Fronting particle generalization: In long distance A′-extraction of low adjuncts from a single embedded clause, the presence of wi in the matrix clause is contingent on the presence of an overt complementizer in the embedded clause.

EMPIRICAL FACTS
REMHFW
CHAIN REDUCTION VIA DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION
ALTERNATIVE ANALYSES
THE FRONTING PARTICLE IS NOT AN APPLICATIVE HEAD
25 Can Pixabaj 2015
THE FRONTING PARTICLE IS NOT A RESUMPTIVE PRONOUN
B: X-Ø-in-löq’
THE FRONTING PARTICLE IS NOT PARALLEL TO THE AGENT FOCUS MORPHEME
THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS
CHAIN REDUCTION
FUTURE RESEARCH
CONCLUSION
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