Abstract
Changes of circulating free plasma DNA (cfDNA) are associated with different types of tissue injury, including those induced by intensive aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Observed changes are dependent from induced inflammation, and thus it may be a potential marker for athletic overtraining. We aimed to identify the response of cfDNA to different types of exercise, with association to exercise intensity as a potential marker of exercise load. Fifty volunteers (25 athletes and 25 physically active men) were assigned to the study and performed maximal aerobic (Bruce test) and anaerobic (Wingate Anaerobic Test) test. Blood samples for cfDNA analysis were collected at four time-points: before, 2–5 min after, 30 min after and 60 min after each type of maximal physical activity. The two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of group factor on serum cfDNA concentrations (32.15% higher concentration of cfDNA in the athletes). In turn the results of the post hoc test for the interaction of the repeated measures factor and the group showed that while the concentration of cfDNA decreased by 40.10% in the period from 30 min to 60 min after exercise in the control group, the concentration of cfDNA in the group of athletes remained at a similar level. Our analysis presents different responses depending on the intensity and duration of exercise. Our observations imply that formation of cfDNA is associated with response to physical activity but only during maximal effort.
Highlights
High intensity exercises lead to transient muscle fibre damage, performance deterioration, increased inflammation processes [1] and oxidative stress induced by the generation of free radicals [2]
To measure maximal aerobic effort (MAE), Bruce Protocol was performed by the participants
Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (RM: baseline, up to 5 min after, 30 and 60 min after) was used to investigate the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level after maximal anaerobic effort (MAnE) and MAE in the participants depending on their fitness level
Summary
High intensity exercises lead to transient muscle fibre damage, performance deterioration, increased inflammation processes [1] and oxidative stress induced by the generation of free radicals [2]. Elevated concentration of circulating cfDNA in the bloodstream is considered to be a novel molecular biomarker, a hallmark manifestation of inflammatory response ( associated with diseases, and physical exhaustion)—whether acute or chronic This has prompted sports medical researchers to investigate the role of cDNA as a potential marker of exercise induced-metabolic changes in a healthy human body after—i.e., resistance training, marathon run, continuous treadmill running, incremental exercise, rowing, soccer, or strength training [17,18,19,20]. Measurement of cfDNA may be a good predictor of specific activity preparation; measurement of its changes may indicate the precise stage preparation and may be a useful tool in athlete preparation diagnosis
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