CFD Investigation of Thermal Characteristics for a Dual Jet with a Parallel Co-flow.

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A combined turbulent wall jet and offset jet (also known as the dual jet) with and without the presence of a parallel co-flow stream is studied. The standard k–ω turbulence model is used to predict the turbulent flow. The study focuses on the effects of the co-flow velocity (CFV) on the heat-transfer characteristics of the dual jet flow with the bottom wall maintained at a constant wall temperature. The CFV is varied up to 40% of the jet inlet velocity, and the height of the offset jet is varied from 5 to 11 times the jet width with the inlet Reynolds number taken as 15,000. The heat-transfer results reveal that the local Nusselt number (Nux) along the bottom wall exhibits a peak at the immediate downstream of the nozzle exit, followed by a continuous decay in the rest of the converging region before showing a small rise for a short streamwise distance in the merging region. Further downstream, in the combined region, Nux gradually decreases with the downstream distance. Except the merging region, no influence of co-flow is observed in the other two flow zones (converging and combined regions). In the merging region, for a given offset ratio (OR), Nux remains nearly constant for a certain axial distance, and it decreases as the CFV increases. As a result of the increase in the CFV, the average Nusselt number decreases, indicating a reduction in overall convective heat transfer for higher values of the CFV. A regression analysis among the average Nusselt number (), CFV, and OR results in a correlation function in the form of within the range OR = 5–11 and CFV = 0–40%.