CFD-FEA based model to predict leak-points in a 90-degree pipe elbow

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate Vibration-Based Leak Detection (VBLD) method in pipeline systems based on Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis to predict leakages. In previous investigations, laboratory tests were widely used to study the VBLD technique in small-diameter water loop system pipes. The current project uses Ansys Workbench to extend these findings by integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The study outlines a numerical method for VBLD to identify leakages in a 90-degree pipe elbow by predicting variations in vibration signals, with applications in the oil and gas industry. Firstly, changes in fluid behaviour (centrifugal force, pressure drop, secondary flow, and frictional force) experienced in the internal pipe wall resulting from a probable leakage (modelled as an additional outlet) are determined using CFD. Subsequently, the CFD results are coupled with FEA to model structural responses of the pipe walls subjected to different forces. This in turn allows the variations in vibration signals to be measured. The numerical approach presented in this paper based on FSI and incorporating the VBLD method provides a practical and convenient early detection tool that can complement physical vibration monitoring equipment in the field.