Abstract
TiO2 is a commonly used material in the electron transport layers (ETLs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but its defects restrict the development of PSCs. In this study, cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) was used to modify the TiO2 ETLs because of its excellent electron injection ability. The new structure of the PSC was FTO/TiO2/Cs2CO3/perovskite (MAPbI3)/sprio-OMETAD/back electrode. As expected, adding Cs2CO3 increased the champion photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) from 9.2% to 12.8% in comparison with unmodified solar cells, and the device maintained 78% of the original efficiency after 250 h. Moreover, the reduction of defects in the TiO2 ETLs reduced the coincidence probability of carriers after modification with Cs2CO3. Due to the excellent electron injection ability of Cs2CO3, the modified ETLs yielded lower work functions and smaller energy level barriers, which makes the energy levels between the TiO2 ETL and the MAPbI3 layer well-matched, and reduced the carrier coincidence probability.
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