Cervical spine management in children with Down syndrome

Abstract

Purpose of review: Individuals with Down syndrome have had significant increase in longevity but may experience neurologic compromise and diminished function during their life span. This review provides the clinician with current information to guide their evaluations in terms of medical, neurologic and musculoskeletal disorder, especially cervical spine instability. Recent findings: Musculoskeletal disorders that include hip, knee and cervical spine instability are significant factors that influence the individual's activity level and quality of life. Radiographs of the cervical spine of individuals with Down syndrome are difficult to interpret and should not be compared with radiographic standards based on the non-Down population. Summary: While medical conditions are well managed in this population, controversy remains in regards to the evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. This review alerts the clinician to potential life-long problems that may impact on the welfare and functional status of the individual with Down syndrome. Diminished function requires increasingly complex nursing care as this population ages. Interventions are directed toward early detection of problems and preservation of function.