CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY: ANAMNESIS, PREGNANCY AND CONSEQUENCES OF PREGNANCY (RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS)

Abstract

Cervical insufficiency (CI) remains one of the leading causes of miscarriage and premature birth. Purpose of the study: to determine the frequency of CI, the characteristics of the anamnesis, the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the state of the newborn and the identification of potential risk factors. Material and research methods. 8728 birth histories were analyzed, among which 166 (1.9%) stories of women whose pregnancy was complicated by CI were found. The main group consisted of 166 pregnant women with CI, the control group included 55 women without CI and other severe obstetric- gynecological and somatic pathologies. The results obtained and their discussion. The incidence of CI on average over 5 years was 1.9%. With CI, there is a significantly lower percentage of young women, and at the age of 35 and over - 27.1% of pregnant women versus 10.9% in the control group. Only one third (33.7%) of women with CI can be considered somatically healthy. The morbidity structure is dominated by endocrine pathology (30.7%), among which metabolic syndrome / obesity (19.9%) and diseases of the urinary excretory system (27.7%) are distinguished. High frequency of pathology of the cardiovascular system (21.1%) and autonomic dysfunction syndrome (25.9%), hepatobiliary pathology (15.1%), gastrointestinal diseases (19.3), allergic manifestations (16.9%). A third of patients (28.9%) have a combination of two or more somatic diseases. Every fourth woman has a history of an infectious pathology of the urinary excretory sphere (25.9). In 27.7% of patients - a combination of several infectious pathologies. Half of the patients (53.0%) had a complicated gynecological history: cervical ectopy (33.7%), chronic infectious diseases of the genital area (16.3%) and PCOS: (13.9%), synechiae of the uterine cavity (6.6 %) and congenital malformations of the genitals (3.0%). The combination of several gynecological pathologies was observed in 18.1% of women. Every fourth woman underwent an excision of the cervix (25.9%), 42.8% - intrauterine interventions with the expansion of the cervical canal, 59.2% of them two or more times. According to the obstetric anamnesis, spontaneous miscarriages and medical abortions in 27.7% and 33.7% of women, in 18.1% - a missed pregnancy, every fourth patient has premature birth (25.9%), and every 10th patient has suffered injuries cervix. With a current pregnancy, the threat of premature birth is most often noted (51.2%), in second place is an exacerbation of infection of the genitourinary sphere (41.0%) and the threat of premature birth (38.0%). High incidence of placental dysfunction (30.7%), gestational diabetes (13.9%), fetal growth retardation (12.0%) and preeclampsia (7.3%). Premature birth in 38.0% of cases, in 31.9% - premature rupture of membranes, delivery by cesarean section in 19.3% of cases. Noteworthy is the high frequency of intrauterine infection (13.9%). Conclusion. Based on the results of a retrospective analysis, after a more detailed assessment of possible risk factors for CI, the most informative ones will be identified and proposed for use in clinical practice.