Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that a cytology–histology correlation (CHC) with discrepancy detection can both evaluate errors and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the cytologic method. We aimed to analyze the errors in cytologic–histologic discrepancies according to the CHC protocol guideline of the American Society of Cytopathology (2017). This retrospective study included 273 patients seen at the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology (Moscow, Russia) between January 2019 and September 2021. The patients’ mean age was 34 ± 8.1 years. The cytology–histology agreement was noted in 158 cases (57.9%). Major discrepancies were found in 21 cases (7.6%), while minor discrepancies were noted in 93 cases (34.1%). The reason for 13 (4.8%) discrepancies was a colposcopy sampling error and, in 46 (16.8%) cases, the reason was a Papanicolaou (PAP) test sampling error. The discrepancy between primary and reviewed cytology was due interpretive errors in 13 (4.8%) cases and screening errors in 42 (15.4%) cases. We demonstrated that the ASC guidelines facilitate cervical CHC. A uniform application of these guidelines would standardize cervical CHCs internationally, provide a scope for the inter-laboratory comparison of data, and enhance self-learning and peer learning.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is an important health and socioeconomic issue worldwide [1,2,3].The recent decline in cervical cancer incidence and mortality is associated with the growing availability of cytological screening
We aimed to analyze the errors causing cytologic–histologic discrepancies according to the cytology–histology correlation (CHC) protocol guidelines of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) (2017)
This study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study consisting of 327 consenting women aged 20 to 70 who had undergone an opportunistic screening for cervical cancer that included liquid-based cervical cytology (LBC), conventional cervical smears, and a histologic examination at the National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology (Moscow, Russia) between January 2019 and September 2021
Summary
The recent decline in cervical cancer incidence and mortality is associated with the growing availability of cytological screening. Despite the fact that the high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test is considered an alternative to primary cervical cancer screening [4], cytology smear remains the most successful of the cervical cancer prevention programs developed to date, especially in many low-income countries [5]. The mean patient age is 52.6 years, with the majority of cases occurring between 40 and 44 and between 55 and 59 years of age [6]. These findings agree with the observations in countries with similar economic conditions. According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Papanicolaou (PAP) test is used as a screening method [7]
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