Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by HPV (human papilloma virus). It is the second most common cancer in women living low developed countries. The components of cervical cancer prevention and control comprises primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention of cervical cancer encompasses prevention of infection with HPV. Giving HPV vaccine for girls aged 9–14 years before they initiate sexual activity is one of the interventions of primary prevention of cervical cancer. Screening and treatment is needed in secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Screening of cervical cancer encompasses testing a target group (women) who are at risk for a cervical pre-cancer. Tertiary prevention of cervical cancer comprises treatment of cervical cancer and palliative care. The components of tertiary care comprise surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and palliative care. Community mobilization, health education and counseling on cervical cancer prevention and control is vital to make ownership on cervical prevention. Monitoring and evaluation of cervical cancer prevention and control on key program indicators should be done regularly.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is caused by sexually acquired infection with certain types of HPV
The goal of any comprehensive cervical cancer prevention and control programme is to decrease the burden of cervical cancer
Cervical cancer screening is recommended for woman aged 30 up to 49 years at least one in life time
Summary
Cervical cancer is caused by sexually acquired infection with certain types of HPV (human papilloma virus). Cervical cancer can often be prevented by having regular screenings with pap tests and HPV tests to find any pre-cancers and treat them. It can be prevented by receiving the HPV vaccine [8]. WHO put new cervical elimination targets of 90% HPV vaccination coverage, 70% screening coverage, 90% access to treatment for cervical pre-cancer and cancer and access to palliative care by 2030. Attaining these targets can decrease more than 40% of new cervical cancer cases and 5 million associated mortality by 2050. The chapter described three components of cervical cancer prevention, community mobilization, education and counseling on cervical cancer prevention and monitoring and evaluating cervical cancer prevention and control
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