Cervical and Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies: Diagnosis and management

Abstract

Abstract Cervical pregnancies are rare in naturally conceived pregnancies and even after assisted reproductive technology. The ultrasonographic diagnosis rests upon the trophoblastic invasion of the cervix below the internal os. Several options have been used over the last three decades for the management of cervical pregnancy. The most successful treatments are methotrexate injection and uterine artery embolization (UAE). A step by step delineation of diagnosis and management is demonstrated in this manuscript that could aid the clinician in his management. Cesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs) are more commonly seen today, both in the East and the West, as a result of a significant increase in the proportion of Cesarean deliveries over the last three decades. The presence of a large number of management options highlights the fact that there is no standardized protocol for cervical pregnancy and CSP management. The advancement of laparoscopic management and suturing is the single most effective measure in confirmation as well as treatment of CSP. Optimal repair of uterine defect is essential for the prevention of another CSP.