Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by thermodymorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, (Paracoccidioides spp.). Patients with PCM reveal specific cellular immune impairment. Despite the effective treatment, quiescent fungi can lead to relapse, usually late, the serological diagnosis of which has been deficient. The present study was carried out with the objective of investigating a biomarker for the identification of PCM relapse and another molecule behaving as an immunological recovery biomarker; therefore, it may be used as a cure criterion. In the evolutionary analysis of the proteins identified in PCM patients, comparing those that presented with those that did not reveal relapse, 29 proteins were identified. The interactions observed between the proteins, using transferrin and haptoglobin, as the main binding protein, were strong with all the others. Patient follow-up suggests that cerulosplamin may be a marker of relapse and that transferrin and apolipoprotein A-II may contribute to the evaluation of the treatment efficacy and avoiding a premature decision.
Highlights
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by thermodymorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, (Paracoccidioides spp.)
Comparative evaluation of the results observed before treatment in groups Group 1 (G1), Group 2 (G2) and Group 3 (G3)
Traditional shotgun proteomics has been used to detect a vast array of proteins through mass spectrometric analysis; it has been considered the standard approach in research to profile protein content in a biological sample which could lead to the discovery of new protein candidates with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values
Summary
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by thermodymorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, (Paracoccidioides spp.). The complex is proposed to consist of 5 distinct species, which have been recently described as new taxonomic species. PCM is associated with high morbidity, but low mortality. Since it is not a compulsory reportable disease in Brazil, the actual prevalence of PCM cannot be calculated. A study based on death certificates showed an average annual mortality rate of 1.45 per million inhabitants and was the eighth leading cause of mortality due to predominantly chronic or repetitive disease, infectious and parasitic, and the highest mortality rate among systemic mycoses [5]. The region of Botucatu (São Paulo, Brazil) is considered hyperendemic for PCM [6].
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