Abstract
The role of cognitive radio is finding the unused spectrum and providing effective transmission. This has been investigated with the concept of multi-user multi-channel capability in terms of protocols in this work. The problem of lack of synchronisation among user leads to ineffective transmission among secondary users. This is much worse in the case of fading channel. So two protocol one based on multi user multi channel particle swarm optimisation-based cognitive radio (MUMC-PSO-CR) were the rate adaptation has been done with particle swarm optimisation technique and other multi user multi channel tree seed algorithm cognitive radio (MUMC-TSA-CR) were rate adaptation has been done with tree seed algorithm. MUMC-TSA-CR protocol implements a simple statistical analysis for the criteria of forwarding without congestion.
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